Here are the actual files available for download. Thanks to our database, you can see all the audio and voltage responses collected from various plants. Feel free to explore and download the data for your own analysis!
| Filename | Type | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|---|
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PlantLeaf's research, hardware, algorithms, and the acoustic simulator draw on plant physiology, electrical signaling, bioacoustics, cavitation physics, and the signal-processing and machine-learning literature. Below is the full set of scientific and technical sources behind the project, as compiled for our EUCYS 2026 report.
| # | Authors | Reference | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taiz L., Zeiger E., Møller I.M., Murphy A. | Plant Physiology and Development. (6th ed.). Sinauer Associates, 2015. | Plant Biology |
| 2 | Raven P.H., Evert R.F., Eichhorn S.E. | Biologia delle piante. (8th ed.). Zanichelli, 2012. | Plant Biology |
| 3 | Hopkins W.G., Hüner N.P.A. | Introduction to Plant Physiology. (4th ed.). Wiley, 2009. | Plant Biology |
| 4 | Fromm J., Lautner S. | Electrical Signals and their Physiological Significance in Plants. Plant, Cell & Environment, 30(3):249–257, 2007. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01614.x | Electrical Signaling |
| 5 | Zimmermann M.R., Mithöfer A. | Electrical long-distance signaling in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 8(7):e25698, 2013. | Electrical Signaling |
| 6 | Mousavi S.A.R. et al. | GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE genes mediate leaf-to-leaf wound signalling. Nature, 500:422–426, 2013. doi.org/10.1038/nature12478 | Electrical Signaling |
| 7 | Khait I. et al. | Sounds emitted by plants under stress are airborne and informative. Cell, 186(7):1328–1336, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.009 | Bioacoustics |
| 8 | Tyree M.T., Sperry J.S. | Do woody plants operate near the point of catastrophic xylem dysfunction?. Plant Physiology, 88(3):574–580, 1988. | Cavitation Physics |
| 9 | Texas Instruments | INA128 Precision Instrumentation Amplifier Datasheet. ti.com/product/INA128 | Hardware |
| 10 | KiCad EDA | KiCad PCB Design Software. kicad.org | Software/Tools |
| 11 | PhysicsOpenLab | Measuring Action Potential in Plants. physicsopenlab.org | Methodology |
| 12 | Knowles Electronics | SPU0410LR5H-QB MEMS Microphone Datasheet. Rev. H, 2020. | Hardware |
| 13 | STMicroelectronics | STM32F411CEU6 Datasheet. 2023. st.com | Hardware |
| 14 | ARM Ltd. | CMSIS-DSP Library Documentation. v1.10.0. arm-software.github.io/CMSIS-DSP | Software/Tools |
| 15 | Harris F.J. | On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform. Proceedings of the IEEE, 66(1):51–83, 1978. | Signal Processing |
| 16 | Martin R. | Noise power spectral density estimation based on optimal smoothing and minimum statistics. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 9(5):504–512, 2001. | Signal Processing |
| 17 | Cortes C., Vapnik V. | Support-vector networks. Machine Learning, 20(3):273–297, 1995. | Machine Learning |
| 18 | Brennen C.E. | Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 1995. brennen.caltech.edu | Cavitation Physics |
| 19 | Mancas S.C., Rosu H.C. | Evolution of spherical cavitation bubbles: parametric and closed-form solutions. Physics of Fluids, 2016. arxiv.org/abs/1508.01157 | Cavitation Physics |
| 20 | Rayleigh Lord | On the pressure developed in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical cavity. Philosophical Magazine, 34:94–98, 1917. fig.if.usp.br | Cavitation Physics |
| 21 | Sattar M.A., Laila D.S. | A review of ultrasound monitoring applications in agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16:1620868, 2025. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1620868 | Bioacoustics |
| 22 | Vaninetti T. | PlantLeaf Desktop Application. (source code, AGPLv3). GitHub, 2026. github.com/TommyVaninetti/PlantLeaf-Desktop-App | PlantLeaf Project |
| 23 | Vaninetti T., Tirari F., El Makkaoui A. | PlantLeaf Technical Documentation. GitHub, 2026. github.com/TommyVaninetti/PlantLeaf---documentation | PlantLeaf Project |
| 24 | Vaninetti T., Tirari F., El Makkaoui A. | PlantLeaf — plant signal research platform. (website and open dataset), 2026. plantleaf.it | PlantLeaf Project |
| 25 | Minnaert M. | On musical air-bubbles and the sounds of running water. Philosophical Magazine, 1933. | Cavitation Physics |
| 26 | Plesset M.S., Prosperetti A. | Bubble dynamics and cavitation. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1977. | Cavitation Physics |
| 27 | Prosperetti A. | Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 61:17, 1977. | Cavitation Physics |
| 28 | Dutta S. et al. | Ultrasound Pulse Emission Spectroscopy Method to Characterize Xylem Conduits in Plant Stems. Research, 2022:9790438, 2022. doi.org/10.34133/2022/9790438 | Cavitation Physics |
The database is built on SQLite — a single file (plantleaf.db) that requires no complex server infrastructure, making it well suited for small to medium scientific projects.
Internally, a single table (files) acts as a structured archive of metadata. From a database design perspective, this is a minimal relational model — one entity, no relationships.
Each record represents a file and stores:
id
filename, description
file_type
The database stores metadata only — not the experimental data itself.
When a file is uploaded: format is validated, the file is saved to the filesystem, and a new record is created in the database.
When the file list is requested, the files table is queried and results are ordered by upload date.
Each time a file is downloaded, the downloads counter is incremented in the record.
When a file is removed, it is deleted from the filesystem and its corresponding record is removed from the database.
The database acts as a structured index of files, a download tracking system, and a data interface for the API. It follows a clear separation between data and metadata: real files live in the filesystem, while the database stores only information about them — reducing load and increasing efficiency.
It is not designed for complex analysis, but for fast access, simplicity, and reliability.